oktober 8, 2024 by Christy - Legacy Tree Genealogists Editor 2 Comments

Researching Your Windrush Generation Family History

This article explores the origins, contributions, and legacy of the Windrush generation, with a focus on how to research family history linked to this significant group.

HMT Empire Windrush

The 75th Anniversary of the arrival of the HMT Empire Windrush in 1948 has stimulated a broad interest in the migration movement that saw an estimated 500,000 people arrive in Britain between 1948 and 1971 from former colonies in the West Indies, East Indies, Africa, and India.2 This migration laid the foundation for a modern multicultural Britain, and the stories of the Windrush generation have become an important part of British family history.

Everyday Legacy Tree Genealogists works with clients to discover their family history in Jamaica, Barbados, Trinidad, and Guyana, among so many others, connecting them to a history that can often be shrouded in uncertainty.

Paddington Station, Westminster, Memorial Plaque

While this blog article focuses on those who arrived from the twenty or more colonies in the West Indies, immigrants arrived from across the British Commonwealth, including colonies in India, Africa, and the East Indies, and Legacy Tree Genealogists is honoured to research the family histories of them all. These hopeful immigrants shaped a nation not only in an economical capacity, but in a cultural one—Caribbean music, food, and literature has become important to the identity of the United Kingdom. The long-overdue celebration of the impact these migrants had on Britain has encouraged many descendants to seek an understanding of their own place in the complicated history of the Windrush Generation.

Who Were the Migrants of the Windrush Generation?

After the devastation of World War II, Britain critically needed workers to help rebuild its economy. Bombings across the country had left major cities in ruins, badly needing to be rebuilt; one in six Londoners were left homeless after the war.4 At the same time, war deaths left the workforce decimated. In particular, the British Government was calling for workers to support the postal service, the transport system, and the new National Health.

1940 Blitz bomb damage to Hallam and Duchess Streets, Westminster, London

Simultaneously, life in many of the Caribbean colonies was difficult. Jamaica was widely damaged by a hurricane in 1944, poverty rates were high, and wages were advertised as up to five times higher in Britain. At this point in history, residents of the British West Indies were British or Commonwealth citizens. Though independence movements were growing, many considered Britain their mother country—they assumed they would be welcomed and valued for the contributions they could make to an economy in ruins.6 Instead in many cases they were met with racist hostility, living conditions no better or worse than those they left behind, and jobs they were often over-qualified for. Because of these painful facts, many families didn’t discuss their origins and descendants are now looking for answers.

What Records Remain for The WindRush Generation?

Although researching family history in the modern era can be difficult due to privacy restrictions, there are many avenues available to descendants looking to trace their Caribbean heritage.

Oral History — Oral histories play a critical role in tracing Caribbean family history. Even the smallest pieces of information—a vaguely remember name or possible village can place you on the right path to finding your ancestors. Interview as many living relatives as you can now to avoid losing important information.
Birth, Marriage, and Death Records — Birth, marriage, and death records can be ordered from the General Register Office. The closer to the current day the event is, the more specific the information that may be required. These records can provide specific birthplaces and dates and parent names, which will aid in finding the right family in the islands.
Passenger Lists — Passenger lists are available for both incoming (BT 26) and outgoing (BT 27) ships from ports in the United Kingdom between 1878 and 1960. Outbound lists are available through The National Archives’ official partner, Find My Past, while both inbound and outbound lists are available through Ancestry.com.7 If you can’t find what you are looking for in one database, it is worth checking in the other since indexing can vary.
Immigration Documents — Immigration requirements changed over time for people born in colonies and Commonwealth countries. Because of this fact, varying documents were created with each new Act. The different documents created and where to access them is complicated, but an excellent place to start is MyHeritage’s database United Kingdom, Naturalisation Certificates and Declarations. These naturalisation documents often include very specific birth places. Other documents related to sponsored immigration and sometimes found at The National Archives include employment contracts, trade union membership documents, housing agreements, and school registrations.
The British Nationality Act of 1948 gave anyone with a Commonwealth passport the same residence and employment rights as anyone with a British passport.
The Commonwealth Immigrants Act of 1962 revoked these automatic rights and required Commonwealth citizens to apply for work permits.
The Commonwealth Immigrants Act of 1968 further restricted immigration rights of Commonwealth citizens. Unless they had a parent or grandparent born in Britain, they were subject to the same restrictions as immigrants from non-Commonwealth countries.
The Immigration Act of 1971 effectively ended the Windrush migration by replacing work permits with limited-time employment vouchers.
Caribbean Archives — archives in the Caribbean vary by island in their accessibility, records retention, and in what records were initially created. Most research here requires working with onsite researchers, and exhausting all British sources first is recommended for the most success.

What is the Windrush Scandal, and Why Does it Matter?

One of the main challenges in preserving Windrush legacies is the loss or destruction of documents, a problem highlighted by the Windrush Scandal. Young children arrived in Britain on their parents’ passports. They were given landing cards, the only document proving their legal immigration status, which were collected when they arrived in Britain. In 2010, the Home Office destroyed these landing cards, leaving an estimated 15,000 people or more with no way to prove their legal status. Many were illegally deported. If your ancestor was one of these children, documentation may be hard to locate, though tracing them is not impossible.

Connecting Generations

The stories of the Windrush generation are being revitalized, ensuring that future generations understand their historical significance. Educational programmes in schools, as well as documentaries, films, and books, help to preserve these legacies. Museums and cultural centres have created exhibitions dedicated to the Windrush experience, and digital projects, such as the Windrush Archive and online databases, have made it easier to access records related to this era. These efforts are crucial in safeguarding the stories of this generation and the family histories connected to them. Legacy Tree Genealogists is honoured to be a part of connecting living descendants to their Windrush Generation ancestors. For those interested in tracing their Windrush roots, reach out today.

juni 18, 2024 by Christy - Legacy Tree Genealogists Editor 2 Comments

South African Genealogy Archives Using MyHeritage

Have you started your South African Genealogy and feel overwhelmed? We'll show you how MyHeritage can help you discover your ancestors and trace global lineages. Continue reading!

South Africa's rich historical tapestry is woven with diverse cultures, pivotal events, and ancestral stories waiting to be discovered. The country's archival heritage stretches back to its colonial origins, capturing the intricate interactions between indigenous populations, Dutch and Huguenot settlers, British pioneers, and subsequent waves of immigrants. Within the corridors of South Africa's archives lies a treasure trove of documents that illuminate this past and our ancestors' place within it.

While journeying to these archives can be a rewarding endeavor for onsite researchers, practical constraints often make this a challenging feat. Fortunately, modern technology provides alternative paths for genealogists to explore their South African roots and their global heritage. In this article, we'll delve into the significance of onsite research and unveil how MyHeritage is revolutionizing the way we trace our ancestry across borders. We'll also underline how a harmonious blend of traditional and digital approaches is key to successfully tracing our South African ancestors.

Essential South African Genealogy Record Types

Death Notices and Estate Files

Death Notices stand as a cornerstone for South African research, tracing back to their inception in 1834. These notices often weave together details of three generations within a family—parents, spouse, and children. While not every individual has one, they should always be sought. The dates available online through the National Archives site and others vary by province, but generally end by about 1958. Later years must be searched for onsite.

Access these through the National Archives and Records Service, Cape Town or the sister site in Pretoria.

Civil Registration

Distinguishing themselves from death notices, death certificates provide more limited information, primarily centering around the cause of death. Marriages and births, on the other hand, are rich sources of data for genealogists. Though some records are accessible online, delving into the pre-1910 period often necessitates visiting archives within the relevant province where the event occurred.

Church Records

Initially settled by staunch protestants, the Dutch Reformed Church registers date from as early as 1660. They are housed in both the Cape Town Archives and the Stellenbosch Archives, and some, but not all are available online. When the British began to arrive in 1820, they brought with them not just the Anglican religion but also Presbyterianism and Methodism. MyHeritage's extensive collection of these church records, coupled with its efficient record matching algorithm, significantly streamlines the search process.

south africa my heritage screenshot

https://www.myheritage.com/discovery-hub/276316481/matches-for-person/274500003?matchType=4&matchStatus=32&confirmedByOthers=0&treeId=274

Passenger Lists and Immigration Documents

South Africa saw almost a constant influx of immigrants from the early 1700s on. First Dutch, German, and Huguenot, the British were not far behind. Records of these immigrations can sometimes be found in the country of origin, as is often the case with passenger lists, but the South African Colonial Office also holds an extensive collection of immigration documents including permits to both remain and leave, naturalization, and farm registrations. These are almost all available only onsite.

Slave Registers

South Africa's history also bears the scars of forced immigration and slavery. Enslaved individuals, originating from the East Indies and other regions, are chronicled in slave registers primarily housed in Cape archives and the British National Archives Colonial series.

Newspapers

Newspapers and periodicals serve as windows into the past, capturing everyday events, community happenings, and personal stories. These sources can illuminate ancestors' lives beyond official documents. Throughout regional repositories lie collections of newspapers, some in partial states of digitization.

Land and Property Records

Land and property records are invaluable resources for tracing South African genealogy, particularly for Afrikanners. These records provide a unique glimpse into the lives of our forebears, often revealing details about their economic and social standing. The Deeds Offices scattered across the country house deeds, cadastral maps, and related documents.

Military Records

South Africa's history is punctuated by conflicts and wars that have shaped the nation. Military records can provide details like enlistment, service, medals awarded, and even personal correspondence. The South African National Defence Force Documentation Centre and the National Archives house a wealth of military records, including muster rolls, medal rolls, and war diaries. While some records may be accessible online, others may require onsite visits to these institutions or collaboration with specialized military history organizations.

Widen the Search

While frequently discussed record types offer valuable insights, South African repositories harbor hidden treasures. Mining records from the Witwatersrand gold rush and journals from figures like Jan Van Riebeeck provide avenues to unveil unique ancestral narratives. Whether your ancestor was a Cornish miner or a contemporary of Van Riebeeck, these underutilized records can shed light on diverse aspects of South African history.

The Onsite Research Experience

Onsite research remains an indispensable aspect of unearthing historical records from South African archives. The experience of physically handling documents, tracing faded handwriting, and immersing oneself in the ambiance of historical repositories is unmatched. While the process may require time and effort, the reward is a deep, personal connection to history. Many researchers find themselves captivated by the tangible connection to their ancestors' lives as they sift through old documents and letters.

Many records needed to solve complex research problems are only available onsite in South Africa. There are many record repositories and knowing where to look is key. Knowing access and photography rules for each repository is imperative as well—many allow photography only with express permission and some require you to place a request for the records you wish to view before you arrive.

The Role of MyHeritage in South African Genealogy: Bridging Time and Space

While onsite research offers a unique experience, physically visiting the South African national or provincial archives is impossible for many. The digital age has introduced innovative ways to explore one's heritage, transcending geographical boundaries. MyHeritage empowers individuals to build their family trees, discover historical records, and connect with relatives around the world. Through partnerships with archives and libraries, MyHeritage has amassed an extensive collection of South African records, making it possible for users to access birth, marriage, and death certificates, as well as immigration records, from the comfort of their homes.

Unveiling Global Heritage

Beyond its South African collections, MyHeritage provides a gateway to global heritage. For those with immigrant ancestors, the platform hosts an array of collections from countries worldwide. Whether tracing a family's journey from Europe, Asia, or elsewhere, users can tap into a vast repository of records that illuminate their ancestors' experiences and challenges. Not only does MyHeritage host a vast array of records, but the opportunity, through SmartMatch, to connect with others researching your ancestors is incomparable—and just might save you a trip to an archive they’ve already visited.

The quest to unravel South African history speaks to the vital importance of understanding our roots to shape our future. Onsite researchers continue to be torchbearers in this journey, forging connections through physical interaction with historical artifacts.

However, MyHeritage bridge the gap between heritage and modernity, offering a digital haven where individuals can explore their South African ancestry and global legacy. As we navigate the currents of time, these tools empower us to weave together the intricate tapestry of our shared history.

Hire A Genealogist

If you'd like help with your South African genealogy research, we'd love to help you on your journey to discover more about your family and your roots. You can get a free quote for your South African genealogy project here: www.LegacyTree.com/contact-us

oktober 22, 2022 by Christy - Legacy Tree Genealogists Editor 8 Comments

Researching Enslaved Ancestors in the former British Empire

Researching enslaved ancestors in the former British Empire is not as hopeless as it may initially seem. With well kept records and archives now available online, researching enslaved ancestors is possible. Here we share some strategies to aid in your research.

The Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slavery has created a wonderful beginning point for researching your enslaved ancestors. Their database has indexed many records, including a majority of the registers and compensation records, as well as correspondence and parliamentary papers. Note that this is an index and does not generally include the original record. It is always key in genealogical research to continue on to obtain the original record.

The Enslaver

It is impossible to research enslaved ancestors without knowing who the enslaver was. Records will be indexed under the enslaver, not the enslaved. Particularly before the slave registers begun in 1814, research will have to rely on plantation and manorial records. These are manuscript collections and private papers with no central repository. They may be at The National Archive, the national archive of the former colony, a local university, county record office, etc.

KEY TIP: Important to remember is that while the plantation may have been in Africa or the West Indies, if the family seat was in England, the family’s papers are more likely to be in the county record office or university library nearest one of the family’s ancestral homes.

The British government was not above the enslaving of people for their own purposes, particularly in the armed forces, or of accepting enslaved individuals through probate or as payment for taxes or court ordered fees. These enslaved individuals were often labourers or soldiers in West Indian Regiments. Several record sets are useful in searching those who were enslaved by the British government on emancipation, including military pension and dischargement records available through The National Archives in WO 97 (also on Find My Past) and ADM 29.

The Records

Several important sources of information were created between the 1807 passing of the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act and the 1834 official abolition of the holding of individual enslaved individuals.

Slavery Abolished 1807 — Abolition of the Slave Trade Act 1807

It is important to treat these two as separate events for the former British Empire and its colonies, which varies greatly from the Emancipation granted in the United States. The formal abolition campaign in Parliament began in 1787 but did not come to fruition until 25 March 1807 when the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act made all purchase, sale, barter, or transfer of enslaved people unlawful, including the transportation of those intended to be sold by someone else.

While this made the capture and sale of African peoples illegal, it did nothing for those who were already enslaved within the British Empire and her colonies. It was another 50 years until individuals enslaved were granted their freedom. In 1834, enslaved individuals were “freed” but simply transmuted to involuntary apprentices until 1838.

Slavery Registers

Because of the movement toward abolition, and the decision on the part of the government that compensation would be paid to the enslavers for the loss of “property,” registers and returns of slaves began to be created near 1814 with the exact date varying by colony. The first register was to be a complete list of all enslaved individuals by enslaver, which would then be updated with new births, deaths, purchases, transfers, and exchanges due to probate.

These registers are phenomenal as they specifically name each individual—a rare nominal source in researching enslaved ancestors. When a new birth occurred on the plantation, the register will often record who the child’s mother was, allowing multiple generations to be reconstructed. When a new purchase was made, a country of birth is often noted, giving descendants information on where their ancestor may have been born. These registers were managed by the Office for the Registry of Colonial Slaves in London.

Sample of a slave register from FamilySearch South Africa, Register of Slaves, 1762-1838.

Compensation Ledgers

There was great motivation for enslavers to keep their information up to date in these registers as they were used to distribute the 20 million pounds set aside for compensation. In addition to the registers, researchers can access the ledgers of compensation that were paid. In rare cases these include the names of enslaved individuals, but they always include number of enslaved, which can be used to cross reference with the registers. These are available through The National Archives.

Apprenticeship Notes in Anglican Church Records

From 1834 to 1838, most of the British colonies implemented an apprenticeship system. Ostensibly, this was to prepare enslaved individuals for independence, but in reality, little changed. If a formerly enslaved, now apprenticed, person was married or baptized during this period, their former enslaver/master will appear in the church records. In fact, church records just after emancipation are a fantastic source for genealogists to gather enough information to work backward into slave registers and plantation papers.

Register Availability: (all are available onsite at The National Archives; those
marked with a * are available on Ancestry.com; those marked with a # are available on
FamilySearch)

*Antigua (1817)
*Bahamas (1822)
*Barbados (1817)
*Berbice (1818)
Bermuda (1821)
#Cape of Good Hope (1816)
- Cape of Good Hope: Cape Town
- Cape of Good Hope: George
- Cape of Good Hope: Simons Town
- Cape of Good Hope: Stellenbosch
- Cape of Good Hope: Swellendam/Zwellendam
- Cape of Good Hope: Tulbagh
- Cape of Good Hope: Uitenhage
*Ceylon (1818)
Demerara (1817)
*Dominica (1817)
- Dominica: Roseau
- Dominica: St. Andrew
- Dominica: St. David
- Dominica: St. George
- Dominica: St. John
- Dominica: St. Joseph
- Dominica: St. Luke
- Dominica: St. Mark
- Dominica: St. Patrick
- Dominica: St. Paul
- Dominica: St. Peter
*Grenada (1817)
- Grenada: Carriacou
- Grenada: Grenadines
- Grenada: St. Andrew
- Grenada: St. David
- Grenada: St. George
- Grenada: St. John
- Grenada: St. Mark
- Grenada: St. Patrick
*Honduras (1834)
* Jamaica (1817)
- Jamaica: Cayman
- Jamaica: Clarendon
- Jamaica: St. Elizabeth
- Jamaica: Hanover
- Jamaica: Kingston
- Jamaica: Manchester
- Jamaica: Port Royal
- Jamaica: Portland
- Jamaica: St. Andrew
- Jamaica: St. Ann
- Jamaica: St. Catherine
- Jamaica: St. David
- Jamaica: St. Dorothy
- Jamaica: St. George
- Jamaica: St. Jame
- Jamaica: St. John
- Jamaica: St. Mary
- Jamaica: St. Thomas in the East
- Jamaica: St. Thomas in the Vale
- Jamaica: Trelawney
- Jamaica: Vere
- Jamaica: Westmoreland
*Mauritius (1817)
Montserrat (1817)
*Nevis (1817)
*St. Christopher (1817)
*St. Lucia (1815)
*St. Vincent (1817)
*Trinidad (1813)
*Tobago (1819)
*Virgin Islands (1818)

While it can be challenging researching enslaved ancestors in the British Empire, you don't have to go it alone and there are many resources available to assist you. Ready to take your research to the next level? Our team of expert genealogical researchers are available to assist in your goals. Reach out here to see how we can assist with your project.

Sources:
“Slavery and the British Transatlantic Slave Trade,” The National Archives,
https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/british-
transatlantic-slave-trade-records/, accessed October 2022.
“The Database,” Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slavery,
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/project/details/, accessed October 2022.

februar 19, 2022 by Christy - Legacy Tree Genealogists Editor 2 Comments

Genealogy Degrees and Accreditations

Becoming a professional genealogist is rarely accomplished in a straight line, and unlike many other fields, there is no single accrediting authority that determines whether researchers can call themselves professionals. In this blog post, researcher Christy Fillerup discusses some options for genealogists to gain credentials and professional standing.

At Legacy Tree Genealogists, our core team members have at least one of the following: a genealogy degree or genetics-based degree, a professional accreditation, or a minimum of ten years of professional-level research experience.

Some genealogists acquire their professional status through many years of experience and self-education. There are also several higher education genealogical education opportunities, although few are full degree-granting programs.

Professional standing is often determined by a researcher’s body of work as reviewed by one of two accrediting organizations: the Board for Certification of Genealogists and the International Commission for the Accreditation of Professional Genealogists. These accreditations and certifications have become increasingly important as the forensic genealogy world has expanded and are the most universally accepted indicators of status as an expert witness.

Board for Certification of Genealogists

The Board for Certification of Genealogists (BCG) was established in 1964 and has certified many of the world’s most renowned genealogists. The organization awards two credentials: Certified Genealogist® (CG) and Certified Genealogical Lecturer℠ (CGL). The certifications are intended to stand as an attestation that the holder’s “research, analysis, kinship determination, and reporting skills” meet professional standards.

BCG places a strong weight on genealogical standards and published the volume, Genealogy Standards, as a guide to all genealogists on how to achieve the most trustworthy genealogical conclusions possible. The volume is meant not just for those pursuing certification with BCG, but for all genealogists who want to pursue their family history in an accurate and professional manner.

To achieve certification with BCG, a portfolio that is indicative of a genealogist’s normal work product must be submitted. The portfolio is evaluated by three judges who utilize a rubric to determine if the work meets genealogical standards.

The portfolio should include:

The signed and dated Genealogist’s Code
A resume that details the researcher’s educational and developmental activities
Document transcription and extraction (the document is provided by BCG)
A research report that was prepared for another person
A case study that utilizes conflicting, indirect, or negative evidence
A Kinship Determination Project

BCG’s mission statement succinctly states why its certification is so highly valued:

Since its founding in 1964 by leading American genealogists, BCG has fostered public confidence in genealogy as a respected branch of history in two ways:

We promote attainable, high, and uniform standards of competence and ethics among genealogists through programs of outreach, publication, and education. We continue to publish, disseminate, and update these standards as appropriate, and collaborate with others who share this goal.
We award the Certified Genealogist® credential to persons whose work meets these standards.

International Commission for the Accreditation of Professional Genealogists

The International Commission for the Accreditation of Professional Genealogists (ICAPGen℠) awards accreditation for genealogists whose works meet a certain degree of excellence. ICAPGen℠ utilizes a combination of both a submitted work product and in-person testing to evaluate candidates. It differs significantly from the Board for Certification of Genealogists in that it asks applicants to focus on a specific region. In this way, professionals can hold several AG® credentials in different regions.

The program is divided into three levels:

Level 1: The application and Four-Generation Project.
Level 2: The Written Exam Part 1. This level includes two sections of the written exam which is focused on general knowledge of history, geography, methodology, and records pertinent to the applicant’s chosen area. It is expected that applicants will have knowledge of how to research their area from the present to 1600.
Level 3: The Written Exam Part 2 and Oral Review. Part 2 of the written exam tests data analysis, research planning, and report writing. Afterward, an oral review is conducted with the testing proctors.

ICAPGen’s℠ mission statement is a clear indication of their dedication to ensuring practicing professionals are working to genealogical standards:

The mission of ICAPGen℠ is to advance family history/genealogy work around the world by accrediting and promoting genealogy professionals who are competent, ethical, and reliable, and to work to promote the preservation of genealogy materials. The central functions of ICAPGen℠ are:

Recruiting, encouraging, mentoring, and educating genealogists.
Testing each applicant's competency as a prerequisite for accreditation.
Requiring periodic re-accreditation to assure currency of skills.
Stipulating adherence to ethical standards.
Maintaining a public directory of ICAPGen℠ accredited professionals.
Educating consumers about the value, process, and complexity of family history/genealogy research and maintaining goodwill by working with clients and AG® professionals if a dispute arises.
Promoting the preservation of genealogical materials for future generations.

Brigham Young University Family History Degree

Brigham Young University (BYU) offers a bachelor’s degree in family history through its history department. This is a full four-year degree that allows students to tailor their experience based on the regions of the world in which they plan to research. Some of the niche courses include “Romance Languages Paleography,” “Southern US Family History Research and Methodology,” “Historical Narrative: A Writing Workshop,” and “Genetic Genealogy.” Graduates of the BYU degree program strive to achieve a well-rounded experience base before moving into the workforce.

Boston University Genealogy Studies Program

Boston University offers a Certificate in Genealogical Research that is affiliated with their history department. It is a 15-week course taught completely online, and while it is a non-credit course, its goal is to prepare students for certification with the Board for Certification of Genealogists. The two, however, are not affiliated. The course offers four modules and is particularly useful for students who want to pursue forensic genealogy as a career. The four modules are:

Evidence, Evaluation, and Documentation
Forensic Genealogy
Genealogical Methods
Genealogy as a Profession

University of Strathclyde

The University of Strathclyde in Scotland offers a postgraduate genealogical studies program with three degrees of intensity. One can pursue a certificate, diploma, or master’s degree on campus at the University of Strathclyde and also via distance learning. The University of Strathclyde’s history department also considers Ph.D. proposals with a genealogical focus. The University of Strathclyde is by far the most structured genealogical degree program, and if you enjoy distance learning, this might be just the program for you.

Genealogical credentialing, whether through the Board for Certification of Genealogists or through the International Commission for the Accreditation of Professional Genealogists, is an excellent way to demonstrate your skills and prove your readiness to move into professional genealogy. Formal education through one of the degree programs discussed above is another option.

If you love genealogy but lack the time, skills, or availability to pursue it in greater depth, consider hiring the professionals at Legacy Tree Genealogists to do it for you! Contact us today for a free consultation.

december 16, 2019 by Christy - Legacy Tree Genealogists Editor Leave a Comment

Using England Quarter Session Records for Genealogy

Genealogical research in England often relies only on census records, parish register entries, and civil registration. But there is so much more information to be found! We’ve previously discussed records of the parish chest and apprenticeship records, but genealogists should also look to lesser-known English records such as court records. The English court system was complicated, but the quarter session records are generally the most useful for most genealogists.

What are the Quarter Sessions?

The Quarter Sessions met four times a year – Easter (April-May), Trinity (June-July), Michaelmas (October-December), and Epiphany (January-April). Topics covered include both non-crown criminal offenses and local administration such as taxes, vagrancy, roads and bridges, markets and ale houses, settlement orders, bastardy examinations, and records of local jails (goals).

Quarter Session courts began in 1277 with Keepers of the Peace, who were made into Justices in 1361. These courts began to meet quarterly by 1363, though the oldest surviving records only go back as far as 1532 (Norfolk). Over time the Quarter Sessions courts absorbed other county courts and offices. In 1461 they absorbed the Sherriff’s court (but crown offenses such as treason were still heard at the court of assizes). In 1531 the administration of the Poor Law was added to its jurisdiction. Beginning in 1835, power was gradually removed from the Quarter Sessions. First town administration in 1835, additional administration in 1888, and they were finally replaced in 1972.

Quarter Session Record Types

A voluminous amount of records was created by these courts, and they can be challenging to work with without direction.

Order Books—edict and decision books of the court made for official purposes. Sometimes these are indexed but are the least detailed. These are a good place to start. Once an order is found, more detailed, but more difficult to access records can be sought.
Session Files/Rolls—the original documents generated at the court session that don’t fit into one of the following categories. These may include statements by defendants, prosecutors, witnesses, and officials; registers of potential jurors; oaths of allegiance; indictments; petitions; and more. Often the most difficult to use, but also often the most genealogically useful.
Indictment/Process Books—a very brief outline of the business of the court; may include the defendant, the accusation, the verdict, and the sentence.
Minute/Session Books—clerk’s summary notes. These don’t always exist, but when they do, they are a roughly chronological outline of the days the court met.
Bills of Indictment—much like a pre-trial hearing, each indictment was reviewed on the first day of the session to determine if bail could be set, the indictment could be dismissed, or if the accused would be imprisoned awaiting trial. Note that bondsman are often listed and related.

Jurors—If your ancestor was listed as serving on a jury, there are actually several pieces of useful information that can be gleaned. In addition, beginning in 1696, lists of all eligible jurors were made, not just those who served. Meaning that after 1696, conclusions can be draw about men listed there.

1285—1664: jurymen had to own property
1664: men who also were life lease-holders with rent of at least ten pounds, a freehold, or a copyhold were added.
1730: long-term lease-holders with a rent of at least twenty pounds were added.
1825: Age restrictions were added so that only those between 21 and 60 could serve. Property restrictions from this point were freehold property with a rent of at least ten pounds, leasehold property with a rent of at least twenty pounds, or householders with a rent of at least 30 pounds.

Using Quarter Session Records for Genealogy: Oldham Case Study

In 1823, John Oldham was born illegitimately to Elizabeth Oldham in Pleasley, Derbyshire, England. Four years earlier, Elizabeth had another child, Charlotte Oldham. Neither baptismal record named a father, and bastardy bonds for Pleasley are no longer extant. It is tempting to think this is the end of the road for John’s paternal line, but in fact it isn’t.

Searching Order Books

Order books are generally the most accessible Quarter Session records, and an excellent place to start. To find the correct records, however, you must know your jurisdiction. Pleasley parish fell in the Hundred of Scarsdale, and while it is possible that Elizabeth was brought into court in a different jurisdiction, it is always prudent to begin in the parish of residence.

The Order Books for Scarsdale are held by the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, and are available on digital microfilm. Note that these are hand-indexed by year, but they are not digitally indexed. Researchers must access the hand-done indexes by finding the appropriate digital film and scrolling through until the needed year and hundred is found.

A search of Scarsdale Hundred for 1822 and 1823 did not return any Oldham entries. Because these are only indexed by the name of the person being indicted, and in most cases the man is the one being brought into court, a page-by-page search was conducted. Still no results were found, and it appears that Elizabeth was not brought into court in Scarsdale Quarter Sessions for her pregnancy with John.

Moving to her older child, a similar search was made for Elizabeth Oldham in 1818 and 1819 – the years of Charlotte Oldham’s conception and birth. No Oldham entries were indexed, but by viewing each entry indexed by Pleasley as the location, an applicable entry was found! The inhabitants of Pleasley brought a charge against William Hopkinson Junior in the Easter Session of 1819 for “begetting Elizabeth Oldham, Singlewoman, with child…”

Quarter Session Records

After the child was born, he was brought into court again, and this time the record records that William was of Morton while his father, William Hopkinson Sr., was of Pilsley.

quarter session records

Additional research is still needed to say definitively whether William Hopkinson was John Oldham’s father, but it is apparent that he was Charlotte’s. The next steps would be to obtain the original case file using our onsite researcher at the Derbyshire archives and pursue targeted genetic testing to determine if any Hopkinson matches, or matches descending from Hopkinsons, exist.

Legacy Tree Genealogists' team of experts leave no stone unturned in pursuit of your elusive ancestors. Whether scouring quarter session records page by page, or utilizing our network of onsite agents to access records in an archive or repository, we have the knowledge and experience to extend your family history as far back as records will allow. Contact us to discuss which of our project options would best fit your needs.

april 27, 2018 by Christy - Legacy Tree Genealogists Editor 2 Comments

Unlocking the Genealogical Treasure of the Parish Chest

Family historians with ancestry in England will almost certainly be familiar with Church of England parish registers. These registries of baptisms, marriages and burials provide the trunk on which most pre-1837 English family trees are built. Even after the 1837 implementation of civil registration, parish registers continued to be a significant source of useful genealogical information. What is less well-known, however, is that the Anglican parish created more than just baptism, marriage and burial registers in the management of their parish—these records are collectively known as “parish chest” records, after the chest they were typically preserved in. The parish chest was a strong wooden box wherein the parish registers, alms for the poor, and church silver were kept.[1]

Types of Parish Chest Records

All kinds of records have been found in parish chest records, but the most common fall into a few categories: settlement, illegitimacy, care of the poor, and care of the church, any of which could be useful in your family history research. Settlement laws were officially revoked in 1834 when the poor law unions were instituted, but mentions of the practice have been found even through 1876.

Settlement

Insight into the concept of a parish of settlement is foundational to understanding all other parish chest records. A parish of settlement was responsible for the care and keeping of paupers, widows, and orphaned children. Thus, if an individual became dependent on the state, it was expected their parish of settlement became responsible for them—even if they had moved elsewhere. An individual’s parish of settlement was established one of eight ways:

Pay the parish rate
Rent property in the parish worth over 10 pounds/year
As a woman, marry a man settled in the parish
As an unmarried person, work in the parish for one full year (may not be seasonal work)
As a legitimate child under seven, the parish of settlement was that of your father
As an illegitimate child, the parish of your birth
As an apprentice, the parish of your master
In special cases by informing the parish of your intention of living in the parish for at least 40 days—reserved for those who were almost certainly not going to become wards of the state.

Certificates: Settlement certificates were issued by the original parish of settlement giving the holder legal status within that parish and stating that they would accept the parishioner back in case of hardship or by the new parish of settlement. In the case of an original parish issuing a settlement certificate, the hope was that the individual could travel to find new work without the new parish immediately rejecting them as a resident—the new parish had the promise of the old parish to receive them back without argument. In the case of the new parish issuing a settlement certificate, it would be in the case of the individual meeting one of the eight criteria either with or without an examination.

Parish Chest — *Certificate of Settlement*

Examinations: If an individual became, or was likely to become dependent on the parish, and could not prove legal settlement, they could be, and frequently were, forcibly removed and transported back to their parish of settlement. When there was a question of settlement, an examination was held. Settlement examinations were conducted by the churchwarden and could take place at the request of the parish of current residence or the parish that was expected to receive the parishioner back—or both. Settlement examinations are goldmines of genealogical information and might include parents’ names, place and date of birth, the reason for a claim of settlement, and the reason for a hardship. It is best to search for examinations in the parish chest records of both parishes since they might contain differing or additional information.

Removal Orders: If an individual’s parish of settlement was established as outside the parish of residence during an examination, a removal order was issued. The removal order was given to the parishioner who was escorted to the parish boundary and directed to return to their parish of settlement. Upon arrival the original parish might accept the parishioner back or might fight the removal order, leaving the parishioner in limbo until the matter was resolved.

Illegitimacy

Illegitimacy can be one of the most challenging of genealogy’s brick walls; however, an act of Parliament from 1732/3 stipulated the creating of records that provide some aid in obtaining fathers’ names.

Examination: It was the responsibility of the pregnant mother to present herself before the overseer of the poor and name the father of her unborn child. Parishes were particularly aggressive in pursuing this if the woman and child were likely to become paupers and thus dependent on the parish. The examination usually names the father and might include information about the mother’s parents and parish of settlement.

Summons: the alleged father would then be summoned to the quarter sessions or vestry to answer the allegation and provide assurance he would care for the child.

Bastardy Bond: a bastardy bond was a promise to the parish that the father would care for the child and the lying-in expenses of the mother.

Quarter Session Records: Even if the parish records created for an illegitimacy case no longer exist, the father and/or mother might have been questioned by the local Justice of the Peace and records might still exist naming the father in Quarter Session records—look for this subject in a future blog post.

Vestry Minutes

The church vestry were the male members who gathered to aid in decision making for the parish church. Local landholders generally dominated them. Vestry minutes are the minutes taken during the actual meeting and can contain a wide variety of material, including discussion of what care should be given to any particular poor parishioner, charities and their distribution, repairs to the church and churchyard, parish schools, pauper emigration, sanitation, and even local police. Many of these responsibilities were transferred to other authorities in 1834 with the creation of poor law unions.

Overseer’s Accounts

Two vestry members were elected to act as overseers of the poor. The responsibility fell to these two men to determine what kind of care was needed. Most care was in the form of outdoor relief, or supplies/money given to the poor families to aid in their situation. Outdoor relief could include food, money, cloth/clothing, or even work for those who were able-bodied (e.g., women may have been employed by the parish as laundresses or nurses). Indoor relief was established for those who could not provide for themselves in any sense (e.g., children or the feeble). Those receiving indoor relief lived in workhouses or were bound out as apprentices. Sometimes overseer’s accounts might name an illegitimate child’s father’s name when no other document does.

Apprenticeship

Overseers of the poor retained the option to apprentice foundlings or pauper children to local tradesman or husbandman. The parents of the child had no say, and neither did the man to whom the child was apprenticed. If he did not want to take on the child as an apprentice, he could pay a fine for refusal. In some parishes, a pre-emptive payment was accepted to confer exemption.

Poor Rates

Poor rates were charged to parish householders and covered the care and keeping of the parish. Householders included all parish residents who were not paupers, including laborers, not just landowners. Poor rate collection lists can give researchers an idea of an ancestor’s holdings, or lack thereof, as the rate was assessed based on the value of the property the individual owned or occupied.

Locating Parish Chest Records

The variation in what parish chest records have survived from parish to parish is staggering. Some parishes may have an almost complete set of record types, while others might have virtually nothing still extant—and every combination in between. When searching for parish chest records, keep an open mind and search multiple repositories. What is filmed vs. what is at the county records office will vary again from what might still be at the local parish church.

In addition to the difficulties in locating the physical records, locating pertinent entries within the records can be difficult. Many of the records are spotty and unindexed, requiring a patient researcher with a strong knowledge of early English handwriting and practices. Check with the applicable county records office for available indexes, even if utilizing Family History Library microfilm.

FamilySearch/Family History Library

FamilySearch initially focused only on microfilming parish registers at the diocesan level—known as the Bishop’s Transcripts. Later on, however, they returned to the county record offices and filmed the original parishes and some parish chest records. The number of parish chest records filmed for a particular parish will depend on the licensing agreements between the county and the LDS Church as well as what records were readily available at the time of filming. In the Family History Library Catalog, these records may be listed as “parish chest” records, or any of the types of records listed above. Just because something is cataloged as “vestry minutes” does not mean that is all the film includes.

County Record Offices

The most complete collection of parish chest records for a given county will be in the local county record office. While not all have been filmed by the LDS Church, virtually all have been placed at the local county record office.

Commercial Sites

In rare cases, MyHeritage, Ancestry, or FindMyPast have obtained and digitized parish chest records.

London

London and the parishes that made up Greater London in neighboring Essex, Kent, and Surrey are generally found either at the London Metropolitan Archives, or Guildhall Library, though some have been filmed by the LDS Church. In addition, numerous smaller repositories within London still hold parish records. A careful review of the jurisdictions involved is necessary for locating parish records within London.

While parish chest records are a fantastic source for genealogical research and should never be overlooked in tracing a difficult family, they are also extremely difficult to obtain and analyze. Legacy Tree Genealogists has onsite specialists who can obtain and analyze these parish chest records in pursuit of your elusive ancestors.

The professional genealogists and onsite agents at Legacy Tree are ready to assist you in extending your family history! Contact us to discuss which of our project options would best fit your needs.

[1] Works used include Legacy Tree Genealogists Researcher’s own personal knowledge; and,

Paul Milner, “Buried Treasures: What’s in the English Parish Chest,” Digging Deeper: Pre-1837 English Research (Salt Lake City, Utah: Salt Lake Institute of Genealogy, 2018), pp. 75-83; and,

Paul Milner, “Quarter Session Records,” Digging Deeper: Pre-1837 English Research (Salt Lake City, Utah: Salt Lake Institute of Genealogy, 2018), pp. 84-93; and,

Mark Herber, “Parish and Town Records,” Ancestral Trails: The Complete Guide to British Genealogy and Family History (London, England: Society of Genealogists, 2005), pp. 339-371.

All images from: England, Yorkshire, East Riding, Church of England, Parish Church of Bolton-upon-Dearne, “Apprentices, overseers of the poor accounts and assessments, settlements, bastardy, constables, highway accounts, and miscellaneous,” Family History Library microfilm FHL 1564363, viewed digitally, http://familysearch.org, accessed April 2018.

november 20, 2017 by Christy - Legacy Tree Genealogists Editor 7 Comments

Using the Records of the Social Security Administration

Records of the Social Security Administration are extremely valuable when completing genealogy and family history research for individuals who lived into the twentieth century. They can provide full name, birth date and place, parents, and spouse information, and are almost always well worth the investigative time needed to find and obtain them. Three records sets are of particular interest and will be discussed in this article. The first is the Social Security Death Index, the second is the SS-5 form, and the third is the Social Security Applications and Claims Index.

A short timeline is useful to understand which records were created when, and why they were created:

1935—the original Social Security Act was created to provide retirement benefits and the first wave of citizens register. Many of these are indicated in the SSDI as receiving their number “before 1951.”

1939—the act was expanded to include spouses and minor children of retired or deceased workers.

1954—implementation of the disability program for workers and their families.

1962—the beginning of the Social Security Death Index

1965—medicare was signed into law, issuing in a new wave of citizens over the age of 65 applying for a social security number who had not done so previously.

1972—any alien legally admitted to the U.S. is issued a social security number and required to provide their age and alien status.

Social Security Death Index (SSDI)

The Social Security Death Index is an index to all deceased individuals who have held social security numbers and whose deaths were reported to the Social Security Administration. It is not an index to all deceased individuals who have received survivor benefits. The SSDI begins with deaths reported in 1962 and after, although a few earlier deaths are found there.

An individual’s entry in the SSDI may include their given name, surname, date of death, date of birth, last known residence, location of last benefit, date and place of issuance, and their social security number. Not every entry will contain every piece of information listed here. It depends entirely upon what was reported to the Social Security Administration when the individual died.

Several different sites provide access to the Social Security Death Index, and each provides slightly different information. The four listed below are not the only places online that the SSDI can be accessed, but they are some of the most user-friendly.

MyHeritage does not include the SSN in their database for privacy reasons.
FamilySearch does not include the SSN in their database for privacy reasons.
Ancestry only provides SSN for individuals deceased before 2004.
FindMyPast provides SSN through 2012, which is also the last year their database was updated.

Social Security Administration Records for Genealogy Keep in mind that these indexes were created by people, and are not perfect. In our searches we have frequently run into incorrect name spellings, which can sometimes make it harder to find the individual you are looking for. If your search isn't resulting in relevant matches, try wildcards, especially for vowels. Possible reasons you can’t find the individual you’re looking for include:

Names may have been transposed (the first name is listed as the surname and vice versa).
Middle names may have been used instead of first names, or may be included in the surname field.
The person may be listed only by a first initial.
Transposed dates. If someone died June 3, 1982 (06/03/1982) you may find them listed as deceased 6 March 1982 (03/06/1982) or June 3, 1928 (06/03/1928) and many other variations.
The name has characters that have been left off (e.g., O’Bannon may be listed as Obannon or simply Bannon).

The SS-5 or Original Social Security Application

The Social Security Administration holds microfilmed copies of every Social Security application and claim file. Photocopies of these original applications can be obtained by submitting a Freedom of Information Act request through their website (https://secure.ssa.gov/apps9/eFOIA-FEWeb/internet/main.jsp). Be sure to choose the photocopy option rather than the computer extract. Anytime a record is transcribed or abstracted, it introduces the opportunity for error.

When requesting the file, you will be asked to provide an individual’s name, known aliases (including maiden names), social security number, date of birth, gender, and parent names. SS-5 records are often used to obtain exact birth dates or parent names, so you may not have all of the requested information, and that's okay. Just provide what you do have. If you do not know the social security number of the requested individual, fill out as much birth and parental information as you know.

using Social Security Administration Records for genealogy

If your ancestor is recently deceased and is not in the SSDI, you must provide proof of death. The SSDA accepts proof of death in the forms of a death certificate, a statement from a funeral director, a statement by the attending physician, a coroner’s report, or an obituary if it contains identifying information. If you cannot provide proof of death, the SSDA will only release SS-5 records for individuals who were born over 120 years ago. In addition, parent names will be redacted unless the parents provide written consent, death of the parents is provided, or the number holder was born more than 100 years ago and has been proven to be deceased. For tips on discovering redacted information, check out our blog article, Under the Black Boxes: The SS-5 and a Creative Approach to Uncover Redacted Info.

One of the great things about SS-5 records is that they contain information that was most likely communicated directly by the ancestor. The application form will likely include the following information as of the date of application:

Full name/Full name at birth including maiden name
Present mailing address
Age at last birthday
Date of birth
Place of birth
Father and Mother’s full names, including maiden names
Sex and race
Current employers name and address
Date and signature

Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007

One additional online database should be included in any discussion of records of the Social Security Administration. Ancestry’s collections include the Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007. These are extracts of claims filed with the Social Security Administration, and include life claims for disability or retirement benefits, death claims for survivor benefits, applications for a replacement SS card, or applications for changes to a SS card (e.g., a name change).

While the SSDI holds over 94 million records, the Social Security Applications and Claims Index holds only about 49 million. There is some overlap of individuals with the SSDI, but the Social Security Applications and Claims Index provides more information.

Case Study

An example from my own personal family research that shows how these records can be utilized is the case of Priscilla Fay Bolling. Priscilla’s headstone names her as Priscilla (Pat) Reedy, wife of Edward Carroll Reedy. It provides her death date as 9 March 1995, and she was buried in Bosque, Texas. But when was she born, and who were her parents?

A search for Priscilla Reedy in the Social Security Death Index returns one woman—Priscilla Reedy who last resided in Valley Mills, Bosque, Texas, and was born 7 January 1928. Her death coincided with both the date and location of our Priscilla’s birth. Her birth in 1928 also corresponded roughly to what was known. Her SSDI entry, however, provides no information on where she was born or who her parents were.

using Social Security Administration records for genealogy A search of the Social Security Applications and Claims Index reveals the same woman, but with significant additional information. This index entry provides a slightly different birth date—7 January 1928—in Stephensville, Texas. It also includes parental information claiming her father was Elvis N. Jones and her mother was Cora E. Moss.

using Social Security Administration Records for genealogy

Priscilla had several name changes. According to her index entry, Priscilla Fay Bolling registered for a social security card in November 1943, changed her name to Priscilla Fay Ripley in January 1952, and changed her name to Priscilla Fay Reedy on 24 January 1978. She was alternately known as Mrs. John Ripley and Mrs. Priscilla Bailey.

Using this information, we located two marriage records for Priscilla:

9 September 1977—Priscilla Fay Ripley married Edward Carroll Reedy.

15 May 1943—Priscilla Fay Jones married Benjamin Franklin Bolling.

We did not, however, locate a marriage record for Priscilla Fay Bolling to John Ripley. However, because of the Social Security Applications and Claims Index entry, we know the marriage occurred, and when we found the record for the marriage of Priscilla Fay Jones to Benjamin Franklin Bolling, we knew we had the right person, and were able to obtain her birth certificate, confirming her parentage.

In this case, since we were able to find the Social Security and Claims Index record, there was no need to order the SS-5 for Priscilla.

Using these three Social Security Administration record sources can be very beneficial to your genealogy research, as can be seen by the example discussed above. Because the information was often provided by the individual themself, or by a family member, and it is tied to government programs and benefits, it is generally fairly accurate and can help you learn the names, dates, and places you need in order to obtain other vital records about your ancestors.

If you need help obtaining an SS-5 or other Social Security Administration record, our professionals can help. Contact us today to discuss your research goals and determine which of our projects would best fit your needs.

oktober 17, 2016 by Christy - Legacy Tree Genealogists Editor 1 Comment

Legacy Tree Onsite: Allen County Public Library in Fort Wayne, Indiana

Legacy Tree Genealogists works with onsite researchers around the globe. Our editor, Christy, recently traveled to Indiana for a genealogy conference and didn't miss the opportunity to research at this fantastic repository while there. Check out her thoughts!

Fort Wayne, Indiana is home to one of the largest genealogical libraries in the country. The Allen County Public Library (ACPL) is most well-known in genealogical circles as the home of the Periodical Source Index (PERSI), an important and often under-utilized resource. The library also contains the largest collection of English-language local history and genealogy periodicals in the world—they subscribe to more than 4,100 periodicals including newspapers, magazines, scholarly journals, and more! These publications have been indexed in PERSI, and in addition to their availability onsite, copies can be requested via mail from the library itself.

But the Genealogy Center at the Allen County Public Library has so much more to offer the genealogical researcher. Their collection includes over 350,000 printed volumes and over 500,000 microform publications. While it is easy to assume that this repository is relevant only to those with Indiana or Midwestern roots, in actuality their collection covers all fifty states and many countries beyond the U.S.

Key Record Sets

Local History—A particular focus of the ACPL is U.S. local history. Their collection of more than 210,000 local history volumes includes county and town histories, “mug” books, yearbooks, cemetery transcriptions, church records and histories, and other sources documenting the most detailed levels of U.S. society. Of particular note here is the National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections and the American Genealogical-Biographical Index (AGBI). This last source is often referenced on online family trees, but without any indication of what records are represented. The ACPL, according to their website, holds all of the books indexed in the AGBI.
City Directories—City directories can be a particularly useful resource in sorting out same-name individuals based on address or occupation, in discovering potential associates in the same neighborhood or working in the same field, and in filling in significant gaps left by record destruction. The ACPL holds 48,000+ R.L. Polk city directories both from the present and more recent past, as well as the distant past.
State and Territorial Census Records—Although major databases like MyHeritage, FamilySearch, and Ancestry, have made the United States federal census readily available, the number of state and territorial censuses that have been digitized are far less, but many may be obtained on microform at the ACPL. A complete listing of state and territorial census records held by the ACPL can be found on their website.
Family Histories—Compiled genealogies and family histories should always be used with caution and evaluated based on their listed sources, but they can also often provide valuable clues that might otherwise be missed. The ACPL is home to more than 55,000 compiled family histories from throughout the U.S. and Europe, many of which have only been published in small runs and are not available publicly anywhere else. The library boasts a unique photocopy exchange program. This program allows any family historian to provide the center with their family history manuscript, and the center will photocopy and bind two copies, send one back to the researcher, and add the other copy to their collection. Through this program, the ACPL has gathered materials into their collection that are available nowhere else in the world.
Newspapers—Primarily on microform, the ACPL holds an impressive collection of major U.S. newspapers from the 1800s and 1900s as well as some runs of smaller rural papers.

Researching Onsite

Researching onsite at the Allen County Public Library, as with all onsite repositories, should begin with the collection’s catalog. The ACPL’s catalog is available here, and includes options to search by author, title, keyword, or subject. The catalog can be a bit tricky, and it is a good idea to take a minute to read through the short brochure provided by the library to familiarize yourself with the ins and outs of how the collection is organized. In addition to their full catalog, the ACPL has created several finding aids to help researchers find the records they need quickly. Guides include Adoption Research, Census Research, Newspaper Research, Church Records, and a different section for each state and country. In addition to these, the knowledgeable staff is available to answer any questions that may arise.

A few other considerations should be kept in mind as you plan a research day there as well:

There is no eating or drinking inside the genealogy center; however, there is a lobby just outside with a few tables and couches where researchers can rest or take a break. There is also a small café on the ground floor.
The library will allow you to bring in bags, laptops, pens, pencils, cameras, scanners, and most any other equipment you need for research. If in doubt—ask.
The library is mainly open-stack with no waiting times between record retrievals.
There are four copy machines which all use copy cards purchased at the reference desk. These copy machines can also copy to a USB drive.
There are ten digital microfilm scanners that have the capability to scan to USB or print a hard copy from any microfilm publication.

We highly recommend taking a trip to Fort Wayne to utilize these great facilities, but if you can’t make it—Legacy Tree Genealogists’ onsite staff is happy to help. Contact us today for a free consultation!